Robert Gabdullin was born in Sverdlovsk/Yekaterinburg, Russia, and was educated at the National Theatre Institute of Yekaterinburg, among others. In 2000 he joined the National Theatre for Opera and Ballet in his home town where he was appointed First Soloist in 2004. In 2006 the Academic Theatre for Opera and Ballet in Perm engaged him as First Soloist. In 2010 he joined, as Soloist, the National Polish Ballet in Warsaw where he was appointed First Soloist in 2012. He has also performed with the National Russian Ballet and the Russian State Ballet. He gave his Viennese debut as a guest at the Nureyev Gala 2012 in the Adagio of Raymonda. In 2012 he joined the Wiener Staatsballett and was promoted to First Soloist in 2013.

His repertory comprises main roles in Giselle, Raymonda, Sylvia, Don Quixote, Die Bajadere, Schwanensee, Le Corsaire, Dornröschen, Der Nussknacker and Romeo und Julia as well as ballets from Hans van Manen, John Neumeier, George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins and Maurice Béjart. He has appeared as a guest dancer in many European countries and overseas. Awards and honours he has received include the Triumph Prize (Moscow, 2007) and Third Place in the Arabesque contest (Perm, 2008).